python class property decorator

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in python, property decorators are a powerful tool for controlling access to class attributes. they allow you to define methods that can be accessed like attributes, providing a way to encapsulate the behavior of attribute access and modification. in this tutorial, we will explore how to use the @property decorator to create read-only properties, and how to define setter and deleter methods to control attribute access and modification.
a property in python is a special kind of attribute that is accessed and manipulated through methods. it allows you to define custom behavior when getting, setting, or deleting the value of an attribute. properties are often used to implement encapsulation, ensuring that the internal state of a class remains consistent and controlled.
the @property decorator is used to define a method as a getter for a property. this method is called when you access the property, and it returns the value of the property. let's see how to use it in a class:
in the above example, we've defined a circle class with a private attribute _radius. we use the @property decorator to create a getter method named radius. when we access circle.radius, it calls the radius method and returns the value of _radius.
to make the radius property writable, we can define a setter method using the @radius.setter decorator. this method will be called when you assign a value to the property. here's an example:
in this example, we've added a radius setter method using the @radius.setter decorator. it allows us to set the radius with validation, ensuring that it's not negative.
you can also define a deleter method using the @radius.deleter decorator. this method will be called when you use the del statement to delete the property. here's how to do it:
in this example, we've added a radius deleter method using the @radius.deleter decorator. it allows us to define custom behavior when deleting the property, such as cleanup or logging.
the @property decorator, along with setter an ...