Property Python Decorator | Property Decorators in Python

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Python Notes: Python Property Decorator

Previously, we have discussed decorators in Python; if you are familiar with decorators, you should read this tutorial before moving forward.

a decorator is a design pattern that allows you to extend or modify the behavior of functions or methods without changing their code. Decorators are often used to add functionality to functions or methods, such as logging, authentication, or performance monitoring.

@property decorator is a built-in decorator in Python which is helpful in defining the properties effortlessly without manually calling the inbuilt function property(). Which is used to return the property attributes of a class from the stated getter, setter and deleter as parameters

Python @property Decorator
let's understand it by an example - Suppose we have a class Employee who has three properties firstname, lastname, and companyName. And we have another function getEmployeeEmail() function that generates an email address for an employee using its firstName and firstName.

We get changed firstName and getFullName function work fine , but it is not a Pythonic way of solving this problem. Here the @property decorator comes into play to resolve such a problem

Using @property Decorator
The property decorator returns the property attributes of a class from the stated getter and setter and deletes them as a parameter. We will use the @property decorator to solve this problem. Now let's see the above example using the @property decorator.

Use setter and deleter methods with @property Decorator
The function that applies the @property decorator is known as the getter. In the previous example, the full_name acts a getter. In this section, we will understand the getter and setter.

As the name suggests, the setter method set the value of the attributes and deleter method deleter method removes the attributes from memory. Let's implement a setter and getter method for full_name attributes.


The property() Function
We can use the property() function to create getters, setters, and deleter in-place of @property decorator. The syntax is given below.

property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc)

class Employee:
def __init__(self, firstName, lastName, companyName, age):
self.firstName = firstName
self.lastname = lastName
self.companyName = companyName
self._age = age

@property
def age(self):
return self._age

@age.setter
def age(self, age):
self._age = age

@age.deleter
def age(self):
self._age = 0

@property
def FullName(self):
return f"{ self.firstName } { self.lastname }"

@property
def EmployeeEmail(self):
return f"{ self.lastname }.{ self.firstName }@{ self.companyName }.com"

def getFirstName(self):
return self.firstName
def setFirstName(self, value):
self.firstName = value

def delFirstName(self):
self.firstName = ''

first_name = property()
first_name = first_name.getter(getFirstName)
first_name = first_name.setter(setFirstName)
first_name = first_name.deleter(delFirstName)

v = Employee('Bill', 'Gates', "Microsoft", 60)
print(v.FullName)
print(v.EmployeeEmail)
v.firstName = 'Jhon'
print(v.FullName)
v.age = 80
print(v.age)
del v.age
print(v.age)

#The property() Function - fget(), fset(), fdel()

print(v.first_name)
v.first_name = "Raj"
print(v.first_name)
del v.first_name
print(v.first_name)

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