Geology | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Geology


00:01:43 1 Geologic materials
00:02:05 1.1 Rock
00:02:58 1.1.1 Tests
00:04:23 1.2 Unconsolidated material
00:04:51 2 Whole-Earth structure
00:05:00 2.1 Plate tectonics
00:07:03 2.2 Earth structure
00:08:35 3 Geologic time
00:09:15 3.1 Time scale
00:09:50 3.2 Important milestones
00:11:20 4 Dating methods
00:11:30 4.1 Relative dating
00:15:03 4.2 Absolute dating
00:17:25 5 Geological development of an area
00:23:27 6 Methods of geology
00:24:20 6.1 Field methods
00:26:34 6.2 Petrology
00:28:03 6.3 Structural geology
00:29:51 6.4 Stratigraphy
00:31:13 7 Planetary geology
00:32:36 8 Applied geology
00:32:46 8.1 Economic geology
00:33:20 8.1.1 Mining geology
00:33:51 8.1.2 Petroleum geology
00:34:21 8.2 Engineering geology
00:35:05 8.3 Hydrology and environmental issues
00:36:06 8.4 Natural hazards
00:36:33 9 History of geology
00:42:03 10 Fields or related disciplines



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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē("earth") and -λoγία, -logia, ("study of", "discourse")) is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also refer to the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other earth sciences, including hydrology and the atmospheric sciences, and so is treated as one major aspect of integrated earth system science and planetary science.

Geology describes the structure of the Earth beneath its surface, and the processes that have shaped that structure. It also provides tools to determine the relative and absolute ages of rocks found in a given location, and also to describe the histories of those rocks. By combining these tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole, and also to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and the Earth's past climates.
Geologists use a wide variety of methods to understand the Earth's structure and evolution, including field work, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modelling. In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and providing insights into past climate change. Geology, a major academic discipline, also plays a role in geotechnical engineering.