7.1 Python Standard libraries

Python standard libraries • Built-in Functions • Built-in Constants • Built-in Types • Built-in Exceptions • Text Processing Services • Data Types • Num and Math Modules • Functional Prog Modules • File and Directory Access • Data Persistence • Data Compr and Archiving • File Format • Cryptographic Services • Concurrent Execution • Network and Interprocess Communication • Internet Data Handling • Struc Markup Proc Tools • Int Protocols and Support • Multimedia Services • Internationalization • Program Frameworks • GUI with Tk • Development Tools • Debugging and Profiling • Sw Packaging and Distribution • Python Runtime Services • Custom Python Interpreters • Importing Modules • Python Language Services • MS Windows Specific Services • Unix Specific Services
Python’s Built-in Functions
Built-in Types • Truth Value Testing • Boolean Operations — and, or, not • Comparisons • Numeric Types — int, float, complex • Sequence Types — list, tuple, range, str • Set Types — set, frozenset • Mapping Types — dict
Cryptographic Services • hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests • hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication • secrets — Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
File and Directory Access • pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem paths • os.path — Common pathname manipulations • fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams • stat — Interpreting stat() results • filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons • tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories • linecache — Random access to text lines • shutil — High-level file operations
Data Compression and Archiving • zlib — Compression compatible with gzip • gzip — Support for gzip files • bz2 — Support for bzip2 compression • Others Lzma, zipfile, tarfile
File Formats • csv — CSV File Reading and Writing • configparser — Configuration file parser • netrc — netrc file processing • xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data • plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files
Concurrent Execution • threading — Thread-based parallelism • multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism • concurrent.futures — Launching parallel tasks • subprocess — Subprocess management • sched — Event scheduler • queue — A synchronized queue class • _thread — Low-level threading API • dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module
Networking and Interprocess Communication
• asyncio — Asynchronous I/O • socket — Low-level networking interface • ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects • select — Waiting for I/O completion • selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing • asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler • asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler • mmap — Memory-mapped file support
Internet Data Handling • email — An email and MIME handling package • json — JSON encoder and decoder • mailcap — Mailcap file handling • mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats • mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types • base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings
Structured Markup Processing Tools • html — HyperText Markup Language support – html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser – html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entities • XML Processing Modules – xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API – xml.dom — The Document Object Model API – xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
Development Tools • typing — Support for type hints • pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system • doctest — Test interactive Python examples • unittest — Unit testing framework • 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation • test — Regression tests package for Python – test.support — Utilities for the Python test suite – test.support.script_helper — Utilities for the Python execution tests
MS Windows Specific Services • msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer files • msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime • winreg — Windows registry access • winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windows
Unix Specific Services • posix — The most common POSIX system calls • pwd — The password database • grp — The group database • crypt — Function to check Unix passwords • tty — Terminal control functions • pipes — Interface to shell pipelines • resource — Resource usage information • syslog — Unix syslog library routines
Internet Protocols and Support • Webbrowser, cgi, urllib, wsgiref, http • Ftplib, poplib, imaplib, smtplib • Telnetlib, socketserver, xmlrpc, ipaddress (IPv4/IPv6)
Many other standard libraries… • Multimedia Services • Internationalization • Program Frameworks • Graphical User Interfaces with Tk • Debugging and Profiling • Software Packaging and Distribution • Python Runtime Services