Red Black Tree

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In this video we will learn about Red Black Tree.

What is Red Black Tree?
1. It is self balancing binary search tree (BST)
Why Red Black Tree?
1. They are self balancing Binary Search Tree.
2. RB trees are good at frequent insertion and deletion than lookup (search).
3. It has less rotations than AVL tree.
4. It has less memory footprint than AVL tree.
5. Red Black Trees are used in most of the language libraries like map, multimap, multiset in C++ whereas AVL trees are used in databases where faster retrievals are required.

RB Tree General Rules:
1. Nodes are either Red OR Black.
2. Root is always black.
3. Every path from the root to any of the leaf nodes must have the same number of black nodes.
4. No two red nodes can be adjacent, i.e., a red node cannot be the parent or the child of another red node.
5. All null nodes are considered Black nodes.

RB Insertion Rules:
1. If tree is empty then create a Black root node.
2. Insert new leaf node as Red.
1) If Parent is Black then no problem we are good.
2) If Parent is Red
a) If Black or absent sibling then rotate then re-color and done.
b) If Red sibling then re-color and check again.

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#dsa #datastructures #algorithm #interviewquestions