How Do Computers Save Data? Encoding Text and Numbers with ASCII, EBCDIC and Unicode (UTF)

This video takes an in-depth look at how computers can save information from the world at large as data. This video discusses the fundamental elements we need to capture the analog world and effectively store it digitally. Then explores how we use encoding techniques to store alphanumeric data which consists of letters, numbers, punctuation and special characters. The Encoding schemes we explore are ASCII, EBCDIC and the UTF family, including UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
1:13 Analog vs. Digital
4:10 Data Encoding / Serialization
4:45 Metadata
7:32 Types of Data to Encode
7:50 Alphanumeric Data Encoding
9:21 ASCII
12:05 Collating Sequence
14:10 Control Characters
15:01 EBCDIC
17:13 EBCDIC History
18:22 History of Keyboard Formats???
20:49 UTF
22:32 UTF Versions
24:55 Storage and Character Sets
25:38 References / citations
25:48 Conclusion

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This video is part of a full semester course in Computer Organization and Architecture. You can see all of the topics in the course here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0_aoTs5sGaTt4IuF7jJxqVm4uE-TgsJR

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If you have not seen the Little Man Computer (LMC) series of videos, they explore how a computer works at it most fundamental level. You can find them here:
* A recommended introduction to Little Man computer video here: https://youtu.be/4T60r42o9Wo
* A "Hello LMC" video where we do a smaller program and talk more in-depth about the instruction cycle and basic instructions: https://youtu.be/QneVgKf2eVg
* And an intermediate step where we introduce branching and explore recreating conditional statements with LMC: https://youtu.be/fXMCnzdNemc
* Finally we explore iteration, labels and advanced LMC: https://youtu.be/hFg1etP_sFM

References:
* Sort or Collating Sequence: http://www.simotime.com/cblclt01.htm
* EBCDIC character set: https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222819/http://www.hansenb.pdx.edu/DMKB/dict/tutorials/ebcdic.php
* Unicode Emojis: https://unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-list.html
* Unicode charts: https://unicode.org/charts/
* Unicode versions: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode