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In Python, numbers are represented by several data types, including integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and complex numbers (complex). These data types allow you to perform various mathematical operations and calculations. Here's an overview of numbers and math in Python:

Integers (int): Integers are whole numbers without a decimal point. For example: -5, 0, 10. Python's int type has no fixed size and can represent arbitrarily large numbers. Some common mathematical operations with integers include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%).

Floating-Point Numbers (float): Floating-point numbers are numbers with decimal points or numbers written in scientific notation. For example: 3.14, -0.5, 1e-5 (1 x 10^(-5)). Python's float type is used to represent these numbers. Similar to integers, you can perform various mathematical operations on floats.

Complex Numbers (complex): Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part. They are represented as a + bj, where a is the real part, b is the imaginary part, and j is the square root of -1. For example: 2 + 3j, -1 - 2j. Python's complex type is used to work with complex numbers. You can perform arithmetic operations and access the real and imaginary parts of a complex number.