Chapter 5: Control Statement In Java смотреть онлайн

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These statements allow you to control the flow of your program’s execution based upon conditions known only during run time.

...It is possible to control the if using a single boolean variable, as shown in this code fragment:


...Some programmers find it convenient to include the curly braces when using the if, even when there is only one statement in each clause.

...When you nest ifs, the main thing to remember is that an else statement always refers to the nearest if statement that is within the same block as the else and that is not already associated with an else.

...As the comments indicate, the final else is not associated with if(j 20) because it is not in the same block (even though it is the nearest if without an else).

...As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed.

...The switch statement works like this: The value of the expression is compared with each of the values in the case statements.

...As you can see, each time through the loop, the statements associated with the case constant that matches i are executed.

...As you can see, execution falls through each case until a break statement (or the end of the switch) is reached.


...When a match is found (as it is in the second case), the code sequence associated with that sequence is executed.


...That is, the switch looks only for a match between the value of the expression and one of its case constants.


...When it compiles a switch statement, the Java compiler will inspect each of the case constants and create a “jump table” that it will use for selecting the path of execution depending on the value of the expression. ... The compiler can do this because it knows that the case constants are all the same type and simply must be compared for equality with the switch expression.

...Since the while loop evaluates its conditional expression at the top of the loop, the body of the loop will not execute even once if the condition is false to begin with.

...As you can see, there is no need for a loop body; all of the action occurs within the conditional expression, itself.

...As you just saw, if the conditional expression controlling a while loop is initially false, then the body of the loop will not be executed at all. However, sometimes it is desirable to execute the body of a loop at least once, even if the conditional expression is false to begin with. In other words, there are times when you would like to test the termination expression at the end of the loop rather than at the beginning.

...Each iteration of the do-while loop first executes the body of the loop and then evaluates the conditional expression. ... As with all of Java’s loops, condition must be a Boolean expression.


...The do-while loop is especially useful when you process a menu selection, because you will usually want the body of a menu loop to execute at least once.

...Although Java’s console I/O methods won’t be discussed in detail until Chapter 13, System.in.read( ) is used here to obtain the user’s choice. ... By default, standard input is line buffered, so you must press enter before any characters that you type will be sent to your program.


...One other point to consider: Because System.in.read( ) is being used, the program must specify the throws java.io.IOException clause.

...For example, here is the preceding program recoded so that the loop control variable n is declared as an int inside the for:


...When you declare a variable inside a for loop, there is one important point to remember: the scope of that variable ends when the for statement does. ... If you need to use the loop control variable elsewhere in your program, you will not be able to declare it inside the for loop.


When the loop control variable will not be needed elsewhere, most Java programmers declare it inside the for.

...There will be times when you will want to include more than one statement in the initialization and iteration portions of the for loop.