PHP Operator class 9 in hindi Bitwise, Array Operator

PHP Operators

Bitwise
Bitwise operators allow operating on the bitwise representation of their arguments.
Operator Name Example Result
& And $x & $y Bits that are set in both $x and $y
are set.
| Or $x | $y Bits that are set in either $x or $y are
set.
^ Xor $x ^ $y Bits that are set in $x or $y but not
both are set.
~ Not ~$x Bits that are set in $x are not set,
and vice versa.

Shift left Shift the bits of $x $y steps to the left.
Shift right Shift the bits of $x $y steps to the right.*
# Each step means 'multiply by two'
* Each step means 'divide by two'
If both operands for the ~, &, | and ^ operators are strings, then the operation will be performed on the ASCII values of the characters that make up the strings and the result will be a string. In all other cases, both operands will be converted to integers and the result will be an integer.
A bit (Binary digIT) is the basic unit of information stored in the computing system that exists in two possible states, represented as ON or OFF. In a computer system, the ON state considered as 1 and OFF state considered as 0. These states can be compared with two states of a flip-flop, two states of an electric switch ( ON and OFF) e.t.c. These two values 0 and 1 are called Binary digit and these digits are in a specific number system, that is BINARY number system which constructs upon the base of 2.

In decimal number system, a number construct upon the base of 10. Let us see how a decimal number can be constructed -
231=(2 x 102)+(3 x 101)+(1 x 100)
=200+30+1
=231
The binary number system also follows the same concept. The only difference is the base is 2 instead of 10. Let us see how a binary number can be converted into a decimal number -

1011010=(1 x 26)+(0 x 25)+(1 x 24)+(1 x 23)+(0 x 22)+(1 x 21)+(0 x 20)
=(1 x 64) +(0 x 32)+(1 x 16)+(1 x 8)+(0 x 4)+(1 x 2)+(0 x 1)
=64+0+16+8+0+2+0
=90
So, (1011010)2= (90)10

Array
List of array operators

Name Example Result
Union $x + $y Union of $x and $y. The + operator appends elements of remaining keys from the
right-sided array to the left-handed, but duplicated keys are not overwritten.
Equality $x == $y TRUE if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs.
Identity $x === $y TRUE if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the
same types.
Inequality $x != $y TRUE if $x is not equal to $y.
Non-identity $x !== $y TRUE if $x is not identical to $y.

n the following example equality operator returns true as the two arrays have same key/value pairs whereas identity operator returns false as the key/value of the comparing arrays are same but not in same order.

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