Chapter 10: Exception Handling In JAVA

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This chapter will not be dealing with exceptions of type Error, because these are typically created in response to catastrophic failures that cannot usually be handled by your program.


...This causes the execution of Exc0 to stop, because once an exception has been thrown, it must be caught by an exception handler and dealt with immediately.

...One other point: The exact output you see when running this and other example programs in this chapter that use Java’s built-in exceptions may vary slightly from what is shown because of differences between JDKs.


...To illustrate how easily this can be done, the following program includes a try block and a catch clause that processes the ArithmeticException generated by the division-by-zero error:


...While it is of no particular value in this context, the ability to display a description of an exception is valuable in other circumstances—particularly when you are experimenting with exceptions or when you are debugging.


...If an inner try statement does not have a catch handler for a particular exception, the stack is unwound and the next try statement’s catch handlers are inspected for a match.

...When you execute the program with no command-line arguments, a divide-by-zero exception is generated by the outer try block.

...The demoproc( ) method then sets up another exception-handling context and immediately throws a new instance of NullPointerException, which is caught on the next line.

...Many of Java’s built-in run-time exceptions have at least two constructors: one with no parameter and one that takes a string parameter.

...For example, if a method opens a file upon entry and closes it upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-handling mechanism.

...Any time a method is about to return to the caller from inside a try/catch block, via an uncaught exception or an explicit return statement, the finally clause is also executed just before the method returns. This can be useful for closing file handles and freeing up any other resources that might have been allocated at the beginning of a method with the intent of disposing of them before returning.

...Table 10-2 lists those exceptions defined by java.lang that must be included in a method’s throws list if that method can generate one of these exceptions and does not handle it itself.

...The main( ) method sets up an exception handler for MyException, then calls compute( ) with a legal value (less than 10) and an illegal one to show both paths through the code.

...Although the method must certainly throw an ArithmeticException, since that is the error that occurred, you might also want to let the calling code know that the underlying cause was an I/O error.

...The more precise rethrow feature restricts the type of exceptions that can be rethrown to only those checked exceptions that the associated try block throws, that are not handled by a preceding catch clause, and that are a subtype or supertype of the parameter. ... For the more precise rethrow feature to be in force, the catch parameter must be either effectively final, which means that it must not be assigned a new value inside the catch block, or explicitly declared final.