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# OOP - Polymorphism in Python
# It is the ability of an object to take many forms.
# Polymorphism with Inheritance
# 1. Method Overloading

what is polymorphism?
The word polymorphism is taken from the Greek words poly (many) and morphism (forms). It means a method can process objects differently depending on the class type or data type.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) has four essential characteristics: abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Polymorphism is mainly used with inheritance. In inheritance, child class inherits the attributes and methods of a parent class. The existing class is called a base class or parent class, and the new class is called a subclass or child class or derived class.

This lesson will cover what polymorphism is and how to implement them in Python. Also, you’ll learn how to implement polymorphism using function overriding

Method Overloading?
The process of calling the same method with different parameters is known as method overloading. Python does not support method overloading. Python considers only the latest defined method even if you overload the method. Python will raise a TypeError if you overload the method.

def sum(x, y, z):
result = x + y + z
print(result)
def sum(x, y):
result = x + y
print(result)

#sum(5, 2, 3)
sum(5, 2)


To overcome the above problem, we can use different ways to achieve the method overloading. In Python, to overload the class method, we need to write the method’s logic so that different code executes inside the function depending on the parameter passes.


# Option 1
def SumVersion1(x = None, y = None, z = None, q = None):
result = 0
if x is not None:
result = result + x
if y is not None:
result = result + y
if z is not None:
result = result + z
if q is not None:
result = result + q
return result

r1 = SumVersion1(2, 4, 5)
print(r1)
r2 = SumVersion1(2, 4, 5, 6)
print("Option 1 ",r2)


# Option 2 use *args *args allows you to do is take in more arguments than the number of formal arguments
def SumVersion2(*argv):
result = 0
for i in argv:
result = result + i

return result

r3 = SumVersion2(2, 4, 5, 6)
print("Option 2 ", r3)


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