Exception Handling

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Exception handling
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"Error handling" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Error detection and correction.
This article is about computing. For knowledge, see fact checking and problem solving.
In computing and computer programming, exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – during the execution of a program. In general, an exception breaks the normal flow of execution and executes a pre-registered exception handler; the details of how this is done depend on whether it is a hardware or software exception and how the software exception is implemented. Exception handling, if provided, is facilitated by specialized programming language constructs, hardware mechanisms like interrupts, or operating system (OS) inter-process communication (IPC) facilities like signals. Some exceptions, especially hardware ones, may be handled so gracefully that execution can resume where it was interrupted.

An alternative approach to exception handling in software is error checking,[1] which maintains normal program flow with later explicit checks for contingencies reported using special return values, an auxiliary global variable such as C's errno, or floating point status flags. Input validation, which preemptively filters exceptional cases, is also an approach.


Contents
1 In hardware
1.1 Hardware exception handling/traps: IEEE 754 floating point
2 Exception handling facilities provided by the operating system
3 In software
3.1 History
3.2 Termination semantics
3.3 Criticism
3.4 Exception support in programming languages
3.5 Exception handling in UI hierarchies
3.6 Exception handling implementation
3.7 Exception handling based on design by contract
3.8 Uncaught exceptions
3.9 Static checking of exceptions
3.9.1 Checked exceptions
3.9.2 Views on usage
3.10 Dynamic checking of exceptions
3.11 Exception synchronicity
3.12 Condition systems
3.12.1 Continuable exceptions
3.12.2 Restarts separate mechanism from policy
4 See also
5 References
6 External links