Linux Basic Commands (pwd, cd, ls) in Telugu | Linux Tutorial for beginners

linux is an opensource operating system. it has both text and graphical based operating system. Mostly we communicate with commands only below are the basic commands in linux

pwd -- present working directory
cd --- change directory
ls --- list
ls - l (long list)
ls -r (list in reverse)
ls -a (all files include hidden)
ls -h (shows in KB, MB size of file)
mkdir -- to create a directory
rmdir -- to remove a directory (directory must be empty)
touch -- for file creation
rm -- to remove a file
rm -f --) to remove forcefully
rm -r --) to remove directory
rm -v --) verbose mode for acknowledgment
cp (source) (destination) --) for copy a file
cp -r (source) (destination) --) for copy a directory
cp -f --) forcefully copy
cp -v --) verbose mode for acknowledgement
mv (source) (destination) --) move from one place to another place (or) rename purpose
echo ----) display variables data on screen
cat --- for printing data on screen and take data from keyboard to file
cat file (to see content on screen)
|(pipe) -- o/p of 1st command to the i/p of 2nd command
history -- to see previous commands (shows 10 lines only)
less -- less same as cat but it will show data page by page. it divides page into 24 lines.
f --) for forward
b --) for back-word
/ --) search
q --) for quit
more ---) same as less
wc --) word count (number of lines, words, characters)
whoami --) shows who is login
id --) shows the details of user and his existence
uname -a --) it gives entire system information
head -- shows top
tail -- shows bottom