Pointer (computer programming) | Wikipedia audio article смотреть онлайн

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)


00:03:37 1 History
00:04:42 2 Formal description
00:07:42 3 Use in data structures
00:10:24 4 Use in control tables
00:11:47 5 Architectural roots
00:15:44 6 Uses
00:19:09 6.1 C pointers
00:22:58 6.2 C arrays
00:26:43 6.3 C linked list
00:27:41 6.4 Pass-by-address using pointers
00:28:05 6.5 Dynamic memory allocation
00:30:18 6.6 Memory-mapped hardware
00:31:47 7 Typed pointers and casting
00:35:37 8 Making pointers safer
00:39:37 9 Null pointer
00:40:16 10 Autorelative pointer
00:41:28 11 Based pointer
00:41:56 12 Multiple indirection
00:44:09 13 Function pointer
00:44:48 14 Dangling pointer
00:45:36 15 Back pointer
00:45:47 16 Wild branch
00:45:57 17 Simulation using an array index
00:46:20 18 Support in various programming languages
00:46:30 18.1 Ada
00:47:53 18.2 BASIC
00:50:27 18.3 C and C++
00:50:39 18.3.1 Pointer declaration syntax overview
00:51:34 18.4 C#
00:52:59 18.5 COBOL
00:59:20 18.6 PL/I
00:59:53 18.7 D
01:02:01 18.8 Eiffel
01:03:41 18.9 Fortran
01:06:02 18.10 Go
01:06:22 18.11 Java
01:06:57 18.12 Modula-2
01:08:21 18.13 Oberon
01:09:28 18.14 Pascal
01:10:25 18.15 Perl
01:11:01 19 See also
01:11:36 20 References
01:13:54 21 External links



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SUMMARY
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In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object that stores the memory address of another value located in computer memory. A pointer references a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as dereferencing the pointer. As an analogy, a page number in a book's index could be considered a pointer to the corresponding page; dereferencing such a pointer would be done by flipping to the page with the given page number and reading the text found on that page. The actual format and content of a pointer variable is dependent on the underlying computer architecture.
Using pointers significantly improves performance for repetitive operations like traversing iterable data structures, e.g. strings, lookup tables, control tables and tree structures. In particular, it is often much cheaper in time and space to copy and dereference pointers than it is to copy and access the data to which the pointers point.
Pointers are also used to hold the addresses of entry points for called subroutines in procedural programming and for run-time linking to dynamic link libraries (DLLs). In object-oriented programming, pointers to functions are used for binding methods, often using what are called virtual method tables.
A pointer is a simple, more concrete implementation of the more abstract reference data type. Several languages, especially low-level languages support some type of pointer, although some have more restrictions on their use than others. While "pointer" has been used to refer to references in general, it more properly applies to data structures whose interface explicitly allows the pointer to be manipulated (arithmetically via pointer arithmetic) as a memory address, as opposed to a magic cookie or capability which does not allow such. Because pointers allow both protected and unprotected access to memory addresses, there are risks associated with using them, particularly in the latter case. Primitive pointers are often stored in a format similar to an integer; however, attempting to dereference or "look up" such a pointer whose value is not a valid memory address will cause a program to crash. To alleviate this potential problem, as a matter of type safety, pointers are considered a separate type parameterized by the type of data they point to, even if the underlying representation is an integer. Other measures may also be taken (such as validation & bounds checking), to verify that the pointer variable contains a value that is both a valid memory address and within the n ..