python class underscore смотреть онлайн

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in python, underscores (_) are used in various ways to convey different meanings and conventions. in this tutorial, we'll focus on the use of underscores within python class names, attributes, and methods. understanding these conventions will help you write more readable and maintainable python code.
let's dive into each of these conventions with code examples.
a single underscore at the beginning of a class attribute or method name is a convention that indicates that the attribute or method is intended for internal use within the class. it's a way of signaling to other developers that they should not access or modify this attribute or method directly from outside the class.
while it's possible to access and use attributes and methods with a single underscore prefix from outside the class, it's generally considered a best practice to treat them as private and avoid direct access.
a double underscore at the beginning of an attribute or method name performs name mangling. name mangling is a mechanism to make it harder to accidentally override attributes or methods of a class in a subclass. when you use a double underscore prefix, python internally renames the attribute or method to include the class name as a prefix.
to access a name-mangled attribute or method from outside the class, you can use the mangled name, which includes the class name:
however, it's generally recommended to avoid using double underscores unless you have a specific need for name mangling, as it can make your code less readable and harder to maintain.
name mangling can also be used to prevent subclasses from accidentally overriding a class's attributes or methods. this can be particularly useful when you want to create a class that is meant to be a base class and should not have its attributes or methods overridden by subclasses.
a single underscore at the end of a variable name is a convention used to avoid naming conflicts with python keywords. while it doesn't have a special meaning like the ...