Unlock Java's Full Potential: Expert Tips for Garbage Collection Mastery|| JAVA TUTORIAL||

Garbage Collection
We use new keyword to dynamically allocate the memory. Since the memory is created it must be destroyed to free the space if the object is not referenced by any variable. To do this task java takes a smarter approach that destroys the memory space used by the object whenever object is no longer in use. The process of freeing up memory used by objects that are not used is called garbage collection and the process is automatically done by java.
In other words, it is a way to destroy the unused objects. To do so, we were using free() function in C language and delete() in C++. But, in java it is performed automatically. So, java provides better memory management.
Advantage of Garbage Collection
• It makes java memory efficient because garbage collector removes the unreferenced objects from heap memory.
• It is automatically done by the garbage collector (a part of JVM) so we don’t need to make extra efforts.
Note: The Garbage collector of JVM collects only those objects that are created by new keyword. So if you have created any object without new, you can use finalize method to perform cleanup processing (destroying remaining objects).

How can an object be unreferenced (destroyed)?
There are mainly three ways to destroy objects in java:
• By nulling the reference
• By assigning a reference to another.
• By anonymous object etc.
By nulling a reference
Suppose e be an object of Employee class.
Employee e=new Employee();
e=null;
By assigning a reference to another
Employee e1=new Employee();
Employee e2=new Employee();
e1=e2; //now the first object referred by e1 is available for garbage collection
By anonymous object
The anonymous object is created and dies instantaneously. But, still with anonymous objects work can be extracted before it dies like calling a method using the anonymous object:
new Employee();
We can call java method through anonymous object as below,
new Employee().display();
The anonymous object can be used only once in the program. We can’t use twice or more as the anonymous object dies immediately after doing its assigned task.
Example: Java program that uses anonymous object
package anonymousobject.first;

public class AnonymousObject {
int x=10;
public void display() {
System.out.println("DTEF");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new AnonymousObject().x);
System.out.println(new AnonymousObject().x);
new AnonymousObject().display();
new AnonymousObject().display();
}

}

Output:
10
10
DTEF
DTEF
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