Introduction to Java

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Introduction to Java Programming
Java is one of the world’s most important and widely used computer languages, and it has held this distinction for many years.
Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems.
The latest release of the Java Standard Edition is Java SE 11.0.1 .
Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.
Sun Microsystems was later acquired by Oracle. So Java’s latest version from Sun Microsystems is 8, while Oracle has released version 11 as of November,2018
Main Features of Java:
Java is –

Object Oriented − In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model.
Platform Independent − Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.
Simple − Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java, it would be easy to master.
Secure − With Java’s secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.
Architecture-neutral − Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system.
Portable − Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation dependent aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI C with a clean portability boundary, which is a POSIX subset.
Robust − Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and runtime checking.
Multi threaded − With Java’s multi threaded feature it is possible to write programs that can perform many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows the developers to construct interactive applications that can run smoothly.
Interpreted − Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine instructions and is not stored anywhere. The development process is more rapid and analytical since the linking is an incremental and light-weight process.
High Performance − With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high performance.
Distributed − Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.
Dynamic − Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time.
Application of Java
Java is widely used in every corner of world. Java is not only used in software’s but is also widely used in designing hardware controlling software components. There are more than 930 million JRE downloads

Usage of Java :

Developing Desktop Applications
Web Applications like Linkedin.com, Snapdeal.com etc
Mobile Operating System like Android
Embedded Systems
Robotics and games etc.
Types of Java Applications
Application programs
Application programs are stand-alone programs that are written to carry out certain tasks on local computer such as solving equations, reading and writing files etc.

Applet Programs
Applets are small Java programs developed for Internet applications. An applet located in distant computer can be downloaded via Internet and executed on a local computer using Java capable browser.


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